理解作者的意图、观点和态度,是近四年来全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷的必考点,全国Ⅲ卷的常考点。每年每套题通常考1~3个小题。具体情况见下表:
这类题包括作者写整篇文章的目的,写某个部分或段落的目的,写某句话的目的,在文中提到某人或某事物的目的,以及使用某标点、引用和举例的目的等。本文仅谈作者写作文章的目的。
作者写文章的意图,或是向读者传递某个信息,或者是愉悦读者,或是讲授某个道理。题干中常有purpose或不定式(intend to do, in order to do, to do),提问方式有:
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?(2017年全国Ⅱ卷)
What does the author want to tell us?(2013年全国课标I卷)
What does the text suggest people do about...?(2018全国Ⅰ卷)
写作意图与文体类型密切相关,因此,解答这类题可用文体推断法:
议论文——说服读者接受或赞同某一观点,倡导某种做法等。
说明文——介绍某一事物或说明某种现象。
记叙文——分享一段有趣的经历或故事,使读者获得乐趣;若是夹叙夹议的文章,则是表达作者的观点、感悟或启示,重点关注首尾段中的“议”。
广告——推销一种产品或服务,其目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等。
典型例题
(2017年全国Ⅱ卷·27)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul—he stood up for me ...
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that ...
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back ...
I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
◇What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of films.
B. To remember a friend.
C. To introduce a new movie.
D. To share his acting experience.
点拨:本文是记叙文,要在理解其内容的基础上去推断作者的写作目的。第一段写作者与Paul初相识,第二段和第三段讲建立长久友谊的原因,第四段谈Paul病逝前作者看望Paul时的情景,全文都是讲作者与Paul的友谊的,关键词是最后一段最后一句中的friendship,可见作者写这篇文章是为了纪念一个朋友,故选B项。
对点练习
阅读下列选段,从每题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
1.(2016年全国Ⅲ卷·31)If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples ...
…
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss ...
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places ...
◇What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B. To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
2.(2013年全国课标I卷·29)Some people will do just


