注释:
①数据来源:美国国家教育统计中心(National Center for Educational Statistics)。
②数据来源:Schuster J H.The American Faculty:The Restructuring of Academic Work and Careers[M].Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,2008:59。
③Weidman J C,Twale D J,and Stein E L.Socialization of Graduate and Professional Students in Higher Education—A Perilous Passage? [R].ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report,2001:49。
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